Infecciones víricas emergentes y por virus hepatotropos / Emerging viral infections and hepatotropic virus

La degradación del medio ambiente, los movimientos poblacionales y las aglomeraciones en áreas urbanas han conllevado el aumento del área de distribución de los vectores transmisores, derribando las fronteras para las patologías infecciosas. Esto, sumado a la falta de inmunidad previa de las poblaciones, significa un riesgo de diseminación de la enfermedad. Por otro lado, el descenso en las tasas de vacunación en los países con recursos y las dificultades socioeconómicas en extensos territorios hacen que enfermedades que se encontraban en vías de erradicación hayan reemergido. Por tanto, es importante la formación de los equipos sanitarios para evitar retrasar el diagnóstico y agilizar la implantación de las medidas de control para la salud pública. Gran parte de la educación y de la prevención sanitaria debe recaer en los viajeros que por diversos motivos se mueven entre las diferentes regiones del planeta

Environmental degradation, population movements and urban agglomerations have broken down the borders for infectious diseases. The expansion of microorganisms has entered an increasing area of transmission vectors. The lack of immunity of the population leads to an increased risk of spreading infectious diseases. Furthermore, the decline in vaccination rates in developed countries and socio-economic difficulties in large regions has meant that diseases in the process of eradication have re-emerged. That is why health care workers must be trained to avoid delaying in diagnosis and to accelerate the implementation of public health measures. A great deal of education and health prevention should fall under the responsibilities of travellers who move around different region

[Emerging viral infections and hepatotropic virus]. / Infecciones víricas emergentes y por virus hepatotropos.

Environmental degradation, population movements and urban agglomerations have broken down the borders for infectious diseases. The expansion of microorganisms has entered an increasing area of transmission vectors. The lack of immunity of the population leads to an increased risk of spreading infectious diseases. Furthermore, the decline in vaccination rates in developed countries and socio-economic difficulties in large regions has meant that diseases in the process of eradication have re-emerged. That is why health care workers must be trained to avoid delaying in diagnosis and to accelerate the implementation of public health measures. A great deal of education and health prevention should fall under the responsibilities of travellers who move around different regions.

Diagnóstico microbiológico de arbovirosis y robovirosis emergentes / Microbiological diagnosis of emerging arboviral and rodent borne diseases

Los virus transmitidos por artrópodos (arbovirus) y los transmitidos por roedores (robovirus) o por otros animales se engloban en el epígrafe «virus transmitidos por vector» (VTV). En nuestro entorno son 3 los principales VTV autóctonos que causan enfermedad: los virus Toscana, West Nile y de la coriomeningitis linfocitaria; además, se diagnostican enfermedades por VTV importados (virus dengue, chikungunya) que actualmente suponen un riesgo de asentamiento por la circulación de vectores competentes de transmisión en nuestro territorio, como es el mosquito Aedes albopictus. La Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica se ha hecho eco de la emergencia de las enfermedades por VTV y ha redactado un procedimiento sobre diagnóstico microbiológico de arbovirosis y robovirosis emergentes que supone una actualización sobre los VTV con mayor sospecha diagnóstica en nuestro entorno y los métodos de detección disponibles para el diagnóstico de las enfermedades que producen

Vector borne viruses (VBV) include viruses transmitted by arthropods, rodents and other animals. In Spain the three main autochthonous VBVs causing human diseases are: Toscana, West Nile and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis viruses. There are also other imported viruses that are potential threats to our public health, due to the presence of competent transmission vectors (dengue and chikungunya viruses in areas infested with Aedes albopictus), or due to the potential person-to-person transmission (Lassa and other viruses causing haemorrhagic fever). The Spanish Society for Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology has responded to the emergence of VBVs by publishing a special issue of Microbiological Proceedings focused on the diagnosis of those emerging vector borne viruses of major concern in our country

[Microbiological diagnosis of emerging arboviral and rodent borne diseases]. / Diagnóstico microbiológico de arbovirosis y robovirosis emergentes.

Vector borne viruses (VBV) include viruses transmitted by arthropods, rodents and other animals. In Spain the three main autochthonous VBVs causing human diseases are: Toscana, West Nile and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis viruses. There are also other imported viruses that are potential threats to our public health, due to the presence of competent transmission vectors (dengue and chikungunya viruses in areas infested with Aedes albopictus), or due to the potential person-to-person transmission (Lassa and other viruses causing haemorrhagic fever). The Spanish Society for Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology has responded to the emergence of VBVs by publishing a special issue of Microbiological Proceedings focused on the diagnosis of those emerging vector borne viruses of major concern in our country.